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Liu Hao, member of the Standing Committee of Nantong Municipal Committee and Secretary of Chongchuan District Committee (then member of the Standing Committee of Nantong Municipal Committee and head of Publicity Department), and Shen Junfeng, Secretary of Rudong County Committee, inspected the site of Guoqing temple.
From July 2017 to September 2018, Nanjing University was entrusted by Nantong Municipal Bureau of culture, radio, film and tourism to carry out archaeological excavation of Guoqing Temple site in the excavation port and achieved important archaeological results. In March 2019, the Guoqing Temple site in the excavation port was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit by the provincial government. The discovery of the Guoqing Temple site is a major event in the archaeological history and cultural relic history of Rudong and Nantong, and also a major archaeological discovery of the maritime Silk Road in Jiangsu Province. The results of excavation, historical and cultural value and protection and utilization of guoqingsi site need to be strengthened.
Chen Jianhua, chairman of CPPCC County Committee and other leaders inspected and investigated the protection and utilization of Guoqing Temple site.
The historical evolution of Guoqing Temple
The Guoqing temple was built in 806-820 by the 10th ancestor of Tiantai Sect in Zhejiang Province. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was rebuilt many times. In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), Zhang Jian and others in Nantong initiated the recruitment and reconstruction of the Mahavira hall, the King Kong hall and the Sutra collection building. In the winter of 1946, due to the war, part of the temple of heavenly kings, the scripture building and the west chamber room were demolished, and the Mahavira hall was preserved. In July 1960, the Guoqing temple was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province. In 1968, in the "Cultural Revolution", all the buildings of the temple were demolished, and organs and houses were built on the base site.
Wu Xiaolin, deputy director of Jiangsu Provincial Department of culture and tourism and director of Jiangsu Provincial Bureau of cultural relics, Ni Yixin, chief engineer of Nantong culture, radio, Tourism Bureau, Xu Dongjun, member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Committee of Rudong County and Secretary of the Party committee of Yangkou Town, and Zhang Jie, director of the culture, radio, Tourism Bureau, inspected the site of Guoqing temple.
Three years after the founding of emperor Wenzong of Tang Dynasty (838), the first stop for the 13th batch of Japanese envoys who had the greatest influence in the history of sending Tang envoys across the sea to land on the abandoned ships in distress and stay for rest was to dig the port of Guoqing temple. Yuanren, a senior Japanese monk who enjoys a high position in the religious circle of Japan, followed the mission to the Tang Dynasty to seek Dharma and visit the Guoqing temple, where he lived for half a month. This is clearly recorded in the book of pilgrimage to Tang Dynasty written by master Yuanren in ancient Chinese, which is also the first time that the names of "port digging" and "Guoqing Temple" were found in historical books.
Photos of Guoqing temple during the period of the Republic of China.
The basic situation and significance of Archaeology of Guoqing Temple site
The Guoqing Temple site of the excavation port is located in the east of Renmin North Road and the north of Jianghai East Road. The site covers an area of about 150 meters from east to west, 100 meters from south to north, with a total area of about 15000 square meters. The core area is rectangular, 80 meters long from north to south, 40 meters wide from east to west, with an area of about 3200 square meters. There are three groups of architectural relics underground, which are located on the north-south axis. From south to north, they are Tianwang hall, Daxiong hall and Sutra collection building. In the west, North and east of the site, there are about 10 meters wide ancient river traces. After archaeological excavation, it was found that the ancient building site of Guoqing temple, pavement remains, ancient river course for temple protection, stone column foundation, column base, zaotang and other relics; the lotus pattern tile of Tang Dynasty was unearthed (because only one piece was excavated in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, it was recognized that Yuanren had been here, and a Yuanren Qiufa Memorial Hall of more than 10000 square meters was built, and Rongcheng and relevant cities in Japan formed a friendly city), Tongwa, Dishui, Jishou There are more than 2000 pieces of porcelain, as well as a large number of pottery and porcelain pieces, whose time is from the late Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty. In particular, among the unearthed porcelains, there are a number of ink Book porcelains, such as "Qing Dynasty", "Dongying", "Abbot", "monk", "state" and "Kusi special purpose", which are rare in temple sites.
The discovery of the guoqingsi site is of great scientific, historical and cultural value. The discovery of the guoqingsi site is an important event in the archaeological history and cultural relics history of Rudong and even Nantong. The site represents the early development history with written records, the earliest age and the highest value in Nantong and Rudong. It also represents the history of regional development, the history of urban development in Rudong, and the geographical history of the river sea intersection And so on. As an important archaeological discovery of the maritime Silk Road in Jiangsu Province and one of the important heritage sites of the maritime Silk Road in the East China Sea, the site of guoqingsi, a port of excavation, together with Shanghai, Zhangjiagang, Yangzhou and Lianyungang, constitutes the heritage group and evidence chain of Jiangsu and even China's Maritime Silk Road in the East China Sea. In particular, guoqingsi site fills the gap that there are no heritages along the coastline more than 300 kilometers from the North Bank of the Yangtze River to Lianyungang. At the same time, the site of Guoqing temple is also an important node of the maritime Silk Road cultural exchange lines, such as Japan, the East China Sea, tunggou (ancient Yunyan River), Chuanchang River, the Grand Canal, Yangzhou and even Chang'an. It is the intersection of the maritime Silk Road East China Sea route and the Grand Canal cultural belt.
The site of Guoqing temple is not only an important witness for the diplomatic envoys of Tang Dynasty and the Buddhist cultural exchange between China and Japan, but also the only Cultural Heritage related to the 13th diplomatic envoys of Japan. It is also the only archaeological site known in China to witness the diplomatic envoys of Tang Dynasty.
In view of this, in 2016, the guoqingsi site, the port digging site and the Chuanchang River entered Jiangsu Maritime Silk Road heritage site. In April 2018, due to the discovery of guoqingsi site, Nantong city became one of the "alliance of cities for Maritime Silk Road Protection and joint declaration of world cultural heritage", and only 26 cities in China were selected. In May, the expert group of China Cultural Heritage Research Institute conducted on-site investigation and evaluation on the heritage sites jointly applying for world cultural heritage on the "maritime Silk Road" at Guoqing Temple site in the port of excavation. The International Symposium on research, protection and cooperation of the maritime Silk Road, held in Guangzhou in June, included the site of Guoqing temple in the world heritage application system. In February 2019, the Guoqing Temple site of the excavation port became a landmark of Nantong Grand Canal culture. In March 2019, the site of Guoqing temple in the excavation port was announced as a provincial cultural relics protection unit by the provincial government.
Great opportunities for the protection and utilization of Guoqing Temple site
At present, the protection and utilization of guoqingsi site in the port of excavation are facing great development opportunities, which is not only determined by the value and significance of guoqingsi site itself, but also closely related to the current international and domestic situation.
Japanese scholars investigate the site of Guoqing temple.
One belt, one road, is the site of the Nantong Guoqing temple.
China's one belt, one Road Silk Road Economic Belt and one belt, one road in twenty-first Century, was proposed by general secretary Xi Jinping in 2013. By the end of January 2020, China has signed 200 cooperation documents with 138 countries and 30 international organizations. China's "one belt, one road" initiative has become a national strategy of China's overall, forward-looking and long-term economic, political, diplomatic and cultural aspects. One belt, one road initiative and the 22 development sites in four provinces and autonomous regions such as Shaanxi and Henan have been successfully declared as the first world heritage sites in the Silk Road in June 2014. In April 2018, China established the "maritime silk road protection and joint declaration of World Cultural Heritage Cities Alliance" to vigorously promote the joint declaration of the maritime Silk Road by relevant cities in the United Nations. Nantong was "absent" in the last round of declaration. This time, it was lucky to be selected, and the discovery of Guoqing Temple site is indispensable. Secondly, the construction of Jiangsu Grand Canal National Cultural Park provides opportunities for the protection and utilization of Guoqing temple sites. As the leading province of applying for world cultural heritage by the Grand Canal, Jiangsu Province took the lead in establishing the first "Jiangsu Grand Canal Cultural Tourism Development Fund" in January 2019, with the first phase of 20 billion yuan, and Nantong corresponding supporting funds of 500 million yuan. In order to implement the general secretary Xi Jinping's instructions on the protection, inheritance and utilization of the Grande Canale's culture, in January 2020, the leading group of the Grande Canale cultural belt construction in Jiangsu Province issued the "Jiangsu the Grande Canale National Cultural Park protection and implementation plan (2020-2021)", "notice on printing and distributing the main points of the the Grande Canale culture belt and the National Cultural Park Construction in 2020". "To strengthen the exhibition of heritage protection. Speed up The site of Guoqing temple in Nantong Protect the exhibition project. " This is a rare opportunity to promote the protection and utilization of the site of Guoqing temple. Nantong City and Rugao City attach great importance to this at present. They are actively looking for "Tongji gate", "digging ditch" and other relics, hoping to take this opportunity to apply for the world heritage, and Rudong can not lose such a "first chance". Third, the protection and utilization of Guoqing Temple site is conducive to further promoting cultural exchanges between Rudong, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. As an important part of the East China Sea Route of the maritime Silk Road from the Sui Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the activities of dispatching Sui envoys and Tang envoys are a comprehensive team of Japanese foreign exchange activities integrating diplomacy, culture and trade, as well as an important event in the ancient cultural exchanges between China and Japan and the development history of regional civilization in East Asia, which has a profound impact on the civilization development process of these countries. The activities of the 13th batch of envoys sent to Tang Dynasty are "outstanding events" in "major events". The site of Guoqing Temple links the cultural exchange between China and Japan, Tiantai Sect, the largest Buddhist sect in China and Japan at that time, and several eminent monks with significant influence in the Buddhist circles of China and Japan (among the eight (great) families in the Buddhist circles of Japan, three such as Yuanren have been to Rudong; in the Tang Dynasty, two of the five eminent monks named "master" by the emperor of Japan, including Yuanren, have been to Rudong) Japan's important historical witness of establishing friendly relations through the maritime silk road is conducive to further promoting the friendly cultural exchanges between China and Japan. Fourth, the protection and utilization of Guoqing Temple site is conducive to accelerating the development of tourism in Rudong. After the development of Guoqing Temple site as a tourist attraction, it can further gather, integrate and enlarge the cultural tourism resources and elements of the third block of the county to better attract domestic and foreign tourists, especially Japanese and Korean tourists (in recent 20 years, more than 10 groups of Japanese tourists have visited Rudong due to Guoqing temple; after the discovery of the site, there have been many groups of experts and scholars in China, Japan and South Korea Special visit to Guoqing Temple).
Progress in protection and utilization of guoqingsi site
Since the discovery of Guoqing Temple site, the county culture, radio, Tourism Bureau, under the care and support of the leaders of the county Party committee and the county government, has taken a series of measures to promote the protection and utilization. First, a rainproof shed has been built in the site area, with barbed wire, video monitoring, infrared alarm and other security facilities installed around the site, and a special person has been assigned to guard and patrol the site for 24 hours to solve the preliminary protection work of the site. Second, Nanjing University has completed the compilation of the plan for the protection of Guoqing temple sites, which will be reported to the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau for approval as soon as possible. Third, we have preliminarily completed the work of sorting out the unearthed cultural relics. Scientific and technological archaeology, environmental archaeology and the restoration of the unearthed cultural relics are also in progress. We will strive to complete the archaeological report of the site and report it to the State Administration of cultural relics as soon as possible. Fourth, we have collected three batches of physical documents related to the maritime Silk Road and the Tang emissary, and collected nearly 100 pieces of relevant physical materials. Fifth, actively apply to the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics for the special fund for cultural relics protection in 2020 to support the protection and utilization of Guoqing temple sites.
Some cultural relics unearthed.
However, the Guoqing Temple site is damaged by the weather and climate environment, the site ground cracking and stratum weathering, and there are other diseases, which will be more serious with the time. Greenhouse protection is only a short-term behavior, and can not fundamentally solve the protection problem.
Archaeological site.
The site of Guoqing temple, the first place where rivers and seas meet, appeared more than 1000 years ago