1. Active agents of alcohols and alcoholamines
Auxiliaries such as alcohols and alcoholamines—such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), triethanolamine, etc., are first adsorbed by silica during rubber mixing, which reduces the adsorption capacity of silica and protects amine accelerators, antioxidants and zinc oxide. It is not adsorbed by silica, so that the vulcanization performance of the rubber compound is not disturbed.

2. Dispersants of zinc salts
The silanol group (≡Si-OH) on the surface of silica is very easy to undergo cation replacement reaction with fatty acid zinc to generate ≡Si-OZnR, etc. The hydrogen ion on the silanol group is replaced, which weakens the polarity of the silica surface, reduces the surface disaggregation and self-aggregation, reduces the Mooney viscosity of the rubber compound, and facilitates the dispersion of silica but does not improve the physical properties.

3. Silane coupling agent
Silane-type coupling agent is actually a surfactant with hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. The hydrophilic part is replaced with the active hydrogen ion of the silanol group, and the lipophilic part is accepted by the rubber matrix to form white carbon. Black - silane - the chemical bond of the rubber matrix, the coupling agent improves the physical properties of the rubber compound, and compared with carbon black, there are difficulties in the mixing process, low modulus, and poor wear resistance.