The following is a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis process and modification technology of fluorosilicone oil, combined with the latest research results and industrial practice:

I. Core synthesis process
‌1. Hydrolysis condensation method‌
‌Raw materials and process‌
Trimethylchlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and methylvinyldichlorosilane are used as raw materials and hydrolyzed in a non-aqueous solvent (such as toluene) to generate intermediates.
The hydrolysis product is polymerized to generate polymethylvinylsiloxane, which is then added with fluoroalkyl iodine (such as C₁₂ fluorinated alkyl iodine) and finally hydrogenated and deiodinated to obtain fluorosilicone oil.
‌Advantages‌: The molecular weight of the product is controllable and suitable for customized production.

‌2. Ring-opening polymerization method‌
‌Mainstream industrial process‌:
Trifluoropropylmethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃F) is used as a monomer and hexamethyldisiloxane (MM) is used as a capping agent, and polymerization is carried out under an anionic/cationic catalyst (such as OH⁻ or H⁺). ‌Reaction conditions‌: 110–150℃ for 4–6 hours, post-processing and purification.
‌Innovation and optimization‌:
‌Dual catalyst system‌: Acidic clay + hydrochloric acid synergistic catalysis to improve ring-opening efficiency and reduce side reactions.
‌Solvent-assisted‌: Add tetrahydrofuran (THF) to promote hydrolysis, and stratify and purify after the reaction.

‌3. Hydrosilylation method‌ ‌Modified synthesis path‌:
Hydrogenated silicone oil and acrylic fluoroalcohol ester (such as perfluorodecyl alcohol derivative) undergo hydrosilylation under platinum catalyst (H₂PtCl₆) to generate fluorosilicone oil.
‌Optimization parameters‌: Solvent-free system, m(fluoroalcohol ester)(hydrogenated silicone oil)=1.1:1, 110–120℃ for 1 hour, yield of 90%.

II. Key modification technologies
‌1. Structural modification‌
‌Technology type‌ ‌Core method‌ ‌Performance improvement‌
‌POSS cage structure modification‌ Introduce vinyl cage silsesquioxane (POSS) into the side chain of silicone oil, and then react with perfluoroiodoethane to form a fluorinated cage structure. Heat resistance is increased to above 300°C, and surface tension is reduced to 21.4mN/m3
‌Block copolymerization modification‌ Synthesize fluorinated silane coupling agents, and enhance the interfacial bonding with resins and metals through molecular design. Material adhesion is increased by 50%, and weather resistance is extended to 1800 hours
‌2. Functional end-capping technology‌
‌Hydroxyl end-capping‌:
Used as a structural control agent for fluorosilicone rubber, it needs to be sealed to prevent condensation.
Breakthrough point: Use heteropolyacid catalysts instead of traditional acids/bases to shorten the reaction time and improve the stability of hydroxyl groups.
‌Alkoxy end-capping‌:
Introduce specific chain segments (such as fluorinated alkoxy groups) to significantly improve the elongation and processing performance of fluorosilicone rubber.

3. Industrial adaptability and trends
‌Green process innovation‌:
Ionic liquid catalytic system reduces the amount of platinum catalyst and heavy metal pollution;
Hydrofluoroether cleaning agent replaces ODS solvent to meet the nano-level cleanliness requirements of the electronics industry.
‌High-end application orientation‌:
Ultra-low temperature resistant ethyl silicone oil (-100℃) and liquid fluorosilicone rubber realize full industrial chain production;
Fluorocarbon resin coating has a weather resistance of more than 10 years and is used for aerospace and building protection.

4. Technical challenges
‌Stability bottleneck‌: Hydroxyl fluorosilicone oil is easy to condense during storage, and new stabilizers or packaging processes need to be developed;
‌Cost control‌: The synthesis of fluorinated monomers (such as D₃F) depends on fluorite resources, and the concentration of the industrial chain affects production capacity.
In summary, the synthesis of fluorosilicone oil is developing towards green catalysis and precise structural design, and the modification technology focuses on high performance and multi-functional integration, but the stability and cost of raw materials are still the key constraints of industrialization.