In fact, as early as the end of 1970s, when I was a continuing teacher in the Chinese Department of Nanjing University, I spent all my time in the teaching and research room and the reference room, listening to the old generation of teachers talking about the anecdotes and anecdotes of the professors of Central University during the period of the Republic of China. Among them, the most typical ones, apart from the hospitality event of Jiang Gong, are: Jiang Gong became a school of Central University after the victory of the Anti Japanese war in 1945 Long, I came to the school to inspect, and a group of senior staff went into a science laboratory. I saw a professor who was doing experiments without lifting his eyelids. One of the senior staff could not help but scold him, but the professor was slow and methodical. The principal came to see me for my work, not as president before 1949 The latter group of professors denounced the corruption and incompetence of the government and pointed their swords at the supreme leader; a group of professors in the Chinese department often ate wine and food with Zhang daofan, the propaganda minister of the Kuomintang, sat down and talked about, even made a scene of swearing. The restaurant they often met was ma Xiangxing's restaurant, which stood in the drum tower. Many of the dishes in the restaurant were the masterpieces of the professor, such as "beauty liver" and "Mr Hu tofu" In the 1940s, Huang Chang wrote a prose about "liver of beauty" when he visited Jinling. Master Kunqu took a group of disciples to the Confucius Temple to eat wine, drink tea and stroll around the brothel. Some of the essays were written in the brothel several days ago. They were all written in the Republic of China. They also imitated the lines of Hou Chaozong, Qian Qianyi, Wumei village and the wild people in the frontier All these show the spirit of independent personality of new and old intellectuals and literati.
Of course, I have seen many professors' self-criticism books and disclosure of other people's materials since 1949 from the previous movements to the "Cultural Revolution". What's more, during the "anti rightist" and "Cultural Revolution", some famous professors even made small reports, and no one believed that many incomprehensible despicable acts would be their actions. "I would like to take away these materials for the purpose of writing essays in the future," I often said, half true and half false, with LV Xiaoping, who was once the Secretary of the general Party branch of the Chinese department in the 1990s
Because when I was shocked, the question of cross examination was - why in the same physical space, because of the difference of time, did these intellectuals look like two people? If we lose the so-called "independent spirit, free will" just because of the bad social and political ecological environment, can we still be regarded as a modern intellectual? When it comes to this problem, we often blame the objective ecological environment, but we don't find the reason subjectively. When LV Xiaoping judges this phenomenon, he is often excited and criticizes it with a very vulgar dialect Slang: "a group of things without eggs!" I think this may be his original intention of directing "Jiang Gong's face". He has been drumming, directing and acting all day long, which is regarded as an informal work by a group of professors engaged in learning. Because schools like Peking University and NANDA always only attach importance to theory, but despise stage practice and social practice. The so-called Chinese department is not the place to train writers, but the place to become a high academic archway of famous universities. Although Kuang Yaming, as the president of Nanjing University in 1979 in the last first Century, introduced Mr. Chen Baichen, a famous playwright, and entrusted him to the head of the Department, he also trained a group of well-known domestic playwrights, such as Li Yunlong, who walked into Beijing Renyi, and Yao Yuan, who was from the front line drama troupe But it was realized in Lv's hands. In the College of Arts, there are still different opinions on whether the direction of film and television major is to lay stress on theory or practice. My personal opinion has always been "walking on two legs". Neither leg should be neglected, otherwise it would be "polio". The truth is very simple, our university's literature education must not follow the current education system's baton. We should be proud of the cultivation of such thoughtful dramatists as Wen Fangyi in NTU! Because she inherited the lineage of the independent personality of the intellectuals in Nantah. The reason why Jiang Gong's face has made a great impact on the literary world and society is not because of the vulgar public interest, nor because of the visual impact of the luxurious stage lights, but because of one thing: in this era of spiritual repression and material desire, people are looking through the dark zodiac of history, and they are seeing a glimmer of spiritual light and the remaining style, although it is yellowish This is enough to prove that silent China still has a bright future. The curtain of self salvation of intellectuals has been opened by us.
I have always believed that the main reason why the May 4th New Culture Movement collapsed quickly is that the self enlightenment of intellectuals is far from complete, and their values are still in chaos, so they are eager to redeem the public with the attitude of Savior, which inevitably cannot escape into the situation of self disillusionment. Similarly, the so-called "new enlightenment" in the 1980s that people miss is the same. What good results can be achieved by relying on a group of writers who have grown up sucking on the "literature of workers, peasants and soldiers" to enlighten the public?
In fact, in China, so far, what is an intellectual? It is still a difficult philosophical proposition. You may not give face to the dictatorial president and President of Central University, Jiang Gong, but you have to give face to others after a change of historical time. Until now, we can still see a famous academician of science at the leading level in China, and a department level official visiting his laboratory. The flattering smile on his old face may not be worthy of mentioning. However, it's the real question we need to ask that we carefully consider how his backbone is broken It's just an appearance. If science professors lack humanistic consciousness and can not compare with science professors in the period of the Republic of China, they still have humanistic cultivation and moral integrity, then it has become a common phenomenon in China that arts professors completely lose the bottom line of an intellectual's humanistic value. Who dares to say that he is a real intellectual?!
According to Isaiah Berlin's interpretation of intellectuals, intellectuals and intelligentsia belong to two different concepts: "intellectuals refer to those who are only interested in ideas, and they want to be as interesting as possible, just as aesthetes refer to those who want things to be as perfect as possible." That is to say, as a single "intellectual", his way of pursuing truth is to observe the world with his acquired knowledge system, interpret and give out his own views and personal voice, so as to have a dialogue and influence on others and society. However, as an individual, his ideas are always isolated and cannot form a huge joint force to promote the formation of an ideological movement. Just as Berlin said that British intellectuals "have no unity and struggle, and have not formed a team", if they only accumulate knowledge and think about problems by virtue of personal interests and likes and dislikes, but do not form a group with unified values, then they cannot form a group with common historical cognition and knowledge pedigree, and have a common value and ethics The "intellectual class" group of moral baseline. Only by forming a community of "knowledge class", can we form a strong "joint force" to promote the historical process. So what is the "intellectual class"? Berlin's answer is: "the intellectual class in history refers to people who unite around certain social concepts. They pursue progress, pursue reason, oppose the tradition, believe in scientific methods, believe in freedom criticism, believe in individual freedom. In short, they are against reactionary, against obscurantism, against Christian Church and dictatorship. They see each other as comrades in arms fighting for common cause (first of all, for human rights and proper social order). One of them said in the 1860s that they were like knights, United for a common pledge, for the belief that they would win even if they gave their lives. " Berlin then referred to a group of thinkers such as Diderot, d'Alembert, Holbach, Elsevier and Condorcet, who gathered in Paris in the 18th century, as "intellectual class". The standard of measurement is still: "they understand each other, they discuss the same point of view, they have a common position, they are persecuted by a common enemy, and the enemy is the church Authoritarian governments (those ignominious things that stifle the truth) feel like they are fighters for the light. The premise of the intellectual class is the belief of the enlightenment, which inspires people to fight against the reactionary forces. This also shows why the intellectual class as a group with clear consciousness is easy to produce in the place of strong anti Church (such as Roman Catholic or orthodox). As a result, France, Italy, Spain and Russia all have real intellectual class, while Norway and Britain have no real intellectual class. The Protestant church is not yet seen as a serious threat to the idea of freedom and progress. " Obviously, to intervene in social revolution or reform with critical spirit and attitude, so as to promote the progress of human thought, if we use such definition and concept to review and measure the Chinese intellectuals and Chinese intellectual groups in the 20th century, it's true that we can't see the "golden age" to the "Silver Age" and then to the "Soviet era" like Russia Like a group of excellent writers with intellectual cultural tradition and social conscience.
Under the banner of anti feudalism, anti autocracy and anti tradition, the rise of the May 4th New Culture Movement really gathered a group of intellectuals, who issued their own ideas for the establishment of an ideal society of democracy, freedom, equality and fraternity. Their critical firepower was not fierce, but why the so-called enlightenment movement was soon in their own noisy reason Did the proposition collapse rapidly? The reason is that in addition to the lack of knowledge reserve, Chinese intellectuals lack "the same view" and "the common position" - this may be the bottom line of whether a "knowledge class" group can form an alliance! From here, we can understand and find out why Lu Xun wrote the sad poem of "two men left, lotus halberd wandering alone". Although they found the goal of pursuing truth in the enlightenment movement of the bourgeois revolution, because of the deep-rooted tradition of the literati of the traditional scholar bureaucrats, they all wanted to create their own theories and become the academic goal of the individual intellectuals, instead of sacrificing their own interests for "the same view" and "common position" God, this is not as good as the ancient gate lords and scholars. On the surface, it respects individual freedom, but in essence, it weakens the team. When choosing the way of thinking, they have their own opinions, which is just seduced by the Russian style populist revolutionary Utopia, which not only has a bright and colorful future