A study on the education of Chinese Hui scriptures from Wanli to Kangxi in the Ming Dynasty
Najufeng
Nanjing University
Huihui Scripture education refers to the "Huihui" Islamic Scripture education of Chinese speaking Muslims. In this paper, by using the biography of the Confucian classics and Gangzhi in Qing Dynasty, the translated works of Islam in Chinese in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the inscriptions and genealogies of Islam, the author focuses on the study and education of Huihui scriptures during the 150 years from Wanli in Ming Dynasty to Kangxi in Qing Dynasty and its significance to the formation of Chinese Islamic culture. This paper is divided into four chapters after the brief introduction. The first chapter studies the education of Huihui classics in general. It is generally believed that the education of Huihui scriptures in China was initiated by master Hu Dengzhou. After using Chinese and foreign documents to prove the logical possibility of the existence of Huihui Jingxue in China in Tang and Song Dynasties, this paper focuses on the records of madaris in Huaxing found in the history of world conquerors, and combines the records of four yuan steles to prove that there was Huihui Jingxue education in the Han Dynasty; then from the records of three Ming steles to verify the continued existence of Huihui Jingxue education in the early Ming Dynasty. This shows that master Hu Dengzhou is not a pioneer but a great integrator of Huihui Confucian education. This paper also makes use of the records of Ming records to prove that Professor Hu Dengzhou's Tianfang paid tribute to the old man, who was probably the envoy of heaven who came to China in the fourth year of Ming Wanli (1576), and points out his two major contributions to education. This paper summarizes four types and two teaching levels of Huihui Jingxue from Wanli of Ming Dynasty to Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. It also discusses the operation of Huihui Jingxue education from five aspects: financial source, management of academic affairs, lecture hall, learning house and management system. It also counts the geographical distribution of Huihui Jingxue in China at that time and discusses 15 teaching centers at that time. The second chapter studies the teachers and students in Huihui classics education. First of all, it studies the appellation, source, characteristics and obligations of teachers and students, and points out that huijingxue has a strong Persian color. Secondly, on the basis of compiling the list of scholars in the biography of Jingxue department, it makes a statistical analysis of the geographical distribution of 30 Huihui educators who set up the biography, as well as the age and geographical distribution of 300 outstanding graduates, This paper points out that the total number of Hui scholars in Han Dynasty has been in a state of shortage, which has affected the formation of a complete circle of scholars, and outlines the geographical situation of the three sections of Hui community at that time (Xihua, North China and South China), and makes a brief analysis and Research on the whole and individual of Hui scholars.
The third chapter studies the curriculum and teaching materials in Huihui Jingxue education. In order to construct the curriculum and teaching material system of Huijing education in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, four Huijing bibliographies were taken as the center (the main historical materials were used for the first time, and two were new discoveries), one Huijing bibliography was recorded later, and then 10 Huijing bibliographies were investigated and reported by Chinese and foreign scholars from the late Qing Dynasty to the present. Generally speaking, there are two stages of universal education and professional education: in the stage of universal education, there are mainly three courses. It is confirmed that the palindrome alphabet since the Yuan Dynasty is Persian, and the spelling method of palindrome is Persian; the two teaching materials used in the first stage of teaching law are Persian. There are 14 formal courses in the professional stage, 40 kinds of teaching materials in Persian and Arabic, 14 kinds of teaching materials and 3 kinds of reference books are used in the supplementary courses. On the basis of predecessors, this paper makes full use of reference books to research and study the contents, types, authors, writing years and years of each kind of textbooks of Hui Jing, as well as the evidence used in the study of Hui Jing. As far as the teaching system is concerned, it is pointed out that the education of huihuijing should belong to the Persian system. The fourth chapter studies the teaching method of huihuijing. Through the study of teaching methods, learning methods and examination methods, it is believed that the teaching method adopted in the Hui Hui Scripture education at that time was grammar translation method, which focused on the training of oral translation and explanation of Bo and a texts. The resulting "Jingtang mood" is a kind of hard translated Persian and Arabic, rather than a mixed language; hard translated Arabic mostly uses Persian words to express common concepts and terms; The teaching time of Persian texts is about 40%; paying attention to the teaching sequence of the Sutra teaching materials is actually a kind of graded teaching; reading and reciting is the basic learning method; the first-class Sutra learning has the oral test method to test students. The education of Huihui scriptures is an important part of Chinese Muslim cultural history, which is of great significance to the formation and development of Chinese speaking Huihui. At the same time, China's back to school education is also an important part of the world's Muslim culture and an important contribution of Chinese Muslims to the world's Islamic culture. reduction
Key words: Huihui; Jingxue education; teachers and students; curriculum and teaching materials; teaching methods; Ming Wanli to Qing Kangxi; biography of Jingxue department;
Tutor: Hua Tao;